Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a 40-kDa epithelial transmembrane glycoprotein with an ectodomain, one transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain of 26 residues. EpCAM is frequently overexpressed in human malignancies, normal stem and progenitor cells, and at lower levels in normal epithelia. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown its intracellular domain (ICD) fragment translocates to nucleus after being cleaved from the EpCAM ectodomain and associates with other molecules to bind DNA resulting in cell proliferation and tumor formation.